Matyushin was the illegal son of a
landlord and a servant. At the age of eight he started studying at the
Nizhnii Novgorod Conservatory and in 1975 at the Moscow Conservatory.
During his work as a musician in St. Petersburg he started studying art
at the St. Petersburg School for the Promotion of the Arts. From 1903 to
1905 he studied at Ian Tsonglinskii's studio where he met his second
wife the artist Elena Guro. Both artists became key members of the Union
of The Youth movement. Matyushin also studied physiology and developed
his own concepts of the connections between the visual art and music.